Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae from Women Attending Selected Hospitals in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria
Maimuna Attahiru
Department of Applied Biology, School of Technical Education, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria.
Nuhu Tanko *
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The aim of our study is to isolate, characterize as well as determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae from women attending some selected hospitals in Sokoto, North western Nigeria.
Study Design: The study was designed to isolate and characterize Gram-negative organisms isolated from women attending some selected hospitals in Sokoto state. Only women of age 18 years and above were included. Each of the participants gave a written and verbal consent of their willingness to participate in the study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a tertiary specialist hospital and 3 other secondary health facilities within Sokoto metropolis for a period of 5 months (March to August, 2018).
Methodology: Urine samples were inoculated on prepared CLED agar. Samples count up to and greater than 106cfu/ml were considered positive. Microgen GN-ID was used to identify the bacterial isolates based on manufacturer’s instruction. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined against 8 antibiotics using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Results of AST were interpreted using the CLSI guideline.
Results: A total of 411 urine samples were analyzed during the period. Out of the 411 samples, 73 (17.8%) were Gram negative isolates. The AST showed that the Gram-negative isolates were highly sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam (100.0%), followed by imipenem (98.1%), then ciprofloxacin (93.1%). norfloxacin showed 72.6% sensitivity, while gentamicin and nalidixic acid showed sensitivity of 68.5% and 56.2% respectively. Majority of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole.
Conclusion: E. coli was the most prevalent among the uropathogens investigated. The high resistance encountered with co-trimoxazole and ampicillin underscores the need for continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility result before the commencement of treatment. This can be complimented with antibiotic stewardship if possible in these hospitals.
Keywords: AST, gram-negative, Enterobacteriaceae, women.