Pattern of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in HIV Sero Positive Patients in Rivers State Nigeria
Journal of Advances in Microbiology,
Page 75-83
DOI:
10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i1030293
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) presents a major worldwide health concern, especially in immune-suppressed persons, with a high mortality rate. The emergence of drug-resistant variants of TB further weighted down by the high HIV prevalence continues to make it difficult to treat this disease. Nigeria is currently listed among the 30 high burden countries for TB, TB/HIV and drug resistant TB (DR-TB). The current study assessed the resistant patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti-TB drugs among individuals with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Rivers State.
Methods: A sample size of 260 HIV sero-positive patients were separated into two groups consisting of 130 patients on anti-TB treatment and 130 individuals yet to commence anti-TB treatment. Sputum samples were collected and processed by line probe assay (GenoType®MTBDRplus by HAIN Lifescience).
Results: The study showed that about 61.5% of the subjects with TB/HIV coinfection were between the ages of 26 and 40 years, with a mean age of 37.2 ± 9.6 years, (102) 64.1% of the subjects had drug susceptible TB, 24 (15%) had INH mono-resistant TB, 17 (10.7%) had RIF mono-resistant TB and 16 (10.1%) had multi-drug resistant TB. There was no significant difference observed in the occurrence of drug resistance between the different sexes. The results also showed that 11.0% of the individuals receiving anti-TB treatment had MDR-TB; INH and RIF mono-resistance were observed in 15.7% and 11.8% of these subjects respectively. Amongst subjects that were yet to receive anti-TB treatment, 6.3% had MDR-TB, 12.5% had INH mono-resistant and 6.3% had RIF mono-resistant TB.
Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that drug-resistant TB appears to be prevalent among persons with TB/HIV coinfection in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Keywords:
- Tuberculosis
- Drug resistance
- MDR-TB
- LPA
- HIV
- Rivers State.
How to Cite
References
WHO | Global tuberculosis report 2019. World Heal Organ; 2020.
Brandao AP, Pinhata JMW, Oliveira RS, Galesi VMN, Caiaffa-Filho HH, Ferrazoli L, et al. Managing severe TB and its sequelae from IC to surgery and rehab. J Bras Pneumol. 2019;45(2):12-18.
Narasimhan P, Wood J, Macintyre CR, Mathai D. Risk Factors for Tuberculosis. Pulm Med. 2013;11-16.
Gyar SD, Dauda E, Reuben CR. Prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Lafia, Central Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2014;3(6):831-838.
Otu A, Umoh V, Habib A, Ameh S, Lawson L, Ansa V. Drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Calabar, Nigeria. Pulmonary Medicine. 2013;6: 1-6.
Musa BM, Musa B, Muhammed H, Ibrahim N, Musa AG. Incidence of tuberculosis and immunological profile of TB/HIV co-infected patients in Nigeria. Ann Thorac Med. 2015;10(3):185–92.
Kurz SG, Furin JJ, Bark CM. Drug-resistant tuberculosis: Challenges and Progress. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016; 30(2):509–22.
Sulis G, Roggi A, Matteelli A, Raviglione MC. Tuberculosis: Epidemiology And Control. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases. 2014;6(1):e2014070.
Pradipta IS, van’t Boveneind-Vrubleuskaya N, Akkerman OW, et al. Treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Netherlands, 2005–2015. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:115.
Ibeh IN UN. Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tertiary Hospital South East, Nigeria. J Med Microbiol Diagnosis. 2014;03(02):1–5.
Omisore NO, Oyewole MO, Akinkunmi EO. Multidrug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in Adamawa State, Nigeria. African J Infect Dis. 2019;13(1):39–47.
Lönnroth K, Raviglione M. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis: prospects for control. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 29(5): 481-491.
World Health Organization. High-priority target product profiles for new tuberculosis diagnostics: Report of a consensus meeting. World health Organization. 2014.
WHO. Molecular line probe assays for rapid screening of patients at risk of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Policy statement. 2008;(June):1–9.
Kazemian H, Kardan-Yamchi J, Bahador A, Khonsari S, Nasehi M, Hamzehloo G, et al. Efficacy of line probe assay in detection of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with genexpert and phenotypic methods in Iran and genetic analysis of isolates by miru-vntr. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:3585–3593.
Aricha SA, Kingwara L, Mwirigi NW, Chaba L, Kiptai T, Wahogo J, et al. Comparison of GeneXpert and line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-mono resistance at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 15:19(1):12 -15.
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the programmatic management of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. World Health Organization; 2011.
Awofala AA, Ogundele OE. HIV epidemiology in Nigeria. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018;25(4):697-703.
Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC, Kirkwood BR. Essential medical statistics. Blackwell Science. 2003;501.
Tukvadze N, Kempker RR, Kalandadze I, Kurbatova E, Leonard MK, Apsindzelashvili R, et al. Use of a molecular diagnostic test in AFB smear positive tuberculosis suspects greatly reduces time to detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. PLoS ONE. 2012;e31563.
Moore Richard D. Epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States: implications for linkage to care. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2011;52(2):208-213.
WHO | Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15-49 (%). Who; 2016.
Fettig J, Swaminathan M, Murrill CS, Kaplan JE. Global epidemiology of HIV. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 2014;28(3):323–37.
Lawson L, Zhang J, Gomgnimbou MK, Abdurrahman ST, Le Moullec S, Mohamed F, et al. A Molecular epidemiological and genetic diversity study of tuberculosis in Ibadan, Nnewi and Abuja, Nigeria. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e38409.
Erhabor O, Jeremiah ZA, Adias TC, Okere CE. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among TB patients in port Harcourt Nigeria. HIV/AIDS - Res Palliat Care. 2010;2:1–5.
Kehinde AO, Adebiyi EO. Molecular diagnosis of MDR-TB using GenoType MTBDRplus 96 assay in Ibadan, Nigeria. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2013;28(2): 187–191.
Onyedum CC, Alobu I, Ukwaja KN. Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7): e0180996
Dinic L, Akande P, Idigbe EO, Ani A, Onwujekwe D, Agbaji O, et al. Genetic determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients in Nigeria. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(9):2905–2909.
Nwofor A, Nyamngee A, Nwabuisi C, Iwakun M, Gidado M, Mensah C, et al. Performance of Genotype MTBDRplus in the Detection of Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid Among Clinical Mycobacteria Isolates in Ilorin, Nigeria. Curr HIV Res. 2015;19:13(4),308–314.
Karo B, Haas W, Kollan C, et al. Tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in the German ClinSurv HIV Cohort: long-term incidence and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:148-152
-
Abstract View: 1446 times
PDF Download: 315 times