Faecal Carriage of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Serotype by Free-Ranged and Confined Small Domestic Ruminants within Cross River State, Nigeria
Journal of Advances in Microbiology,
Page 31-39
DOI:
10.9734/jamb/2022/v22i930486
Abstract
Background: The type of animal grazing method to be promulgated into the Federal Legal System has been an issue of controversy following incessant Farmers/Herdsmen clashes in Nigeria. The method to be adopted has to ensure a drastic reduction of common pathogens associated with the consumption of meat and its products notably Escherichia coli O157:H7. This pathogen has regularly been isolated from cattle by researchers while scanty information exists implicating small domestic ruminants especially in Cross River State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria where ruminant meat is highly consumed. Similar studies on this pathogen associated with small domestic ruminants do not take into consideration all the different grazing methods practiced.
Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of two commonly used grazing methods (free-ranging and confined grazing) on the potentials of fecal carriage of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by sheep and goats in different locations within Cross River State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of 360 fresh recto-anal faecal swap samples each were collected from both confined (penned) and free- ranging goats and sheep within a 5-months sampling duration. Combined culture and serological methods such as growth on sorbitol macconkey agar supplemented with cefixime and tellurite (SMAC-CT), nonfluorescence of 4-Methylumbilliferyl- D-Glucoronide (E. coli-MUG) cultures under uv light at 650nm wavelength, serological identification using ELISA technique and H typing with standard E. coli H7 rabbit antisera were used in the isolation and identification of the pathogen.
Results: Among the various groups of domestic ruminants, free-ranged and confined sheep had highest overall prevalence of 31/180 (17.22%) and 12/180 ( 6.67%) respectively compared to free-ranged and confined goats with overall values of 19/180 ( 10.50%) and 9/180 (5.00%) respectively. Prevalence rates showed no significant difference (P = .05) between confined goats and sheep while significant difference (P =.05) was observed between the free-ranged groups. Also, the monthly values differed significantly at P = .05 between the free-ranged and confined groups.
Conclusion: Confined grazing of ruminants in pens (ranching) significantly reduced the transmission of E. coli O157:H7 by goats and sheep which were highly implicated as possible vehicles within Cross River State, Nigeria.
Keywords:
- Grazing methods
- Escherichia coli O157
- H7
- small domestic ruminants
- Faeces
- Nigeria
How to Cite
References
Sapountzis P, Segura A, Desveaux M, Furano E. An overview of the elusive passenger in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle: The shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms. 2020;8 (7):1- 23.
Majowicwz S, Scallan EE, Jones-Bitton A. Global incidence of Shiga toxin- producing Escherichia coli infections and deaths: a systematic review and knowledge synthesis. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases. 2014;11(6):447-455.
Havelaar AH, Kirk MD, Torgerson PR, Gibb PR, Hald T, Lake RJ et al. World Health Organization Global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of food borne disease in 2010, PLoS Med. 2015;12:e1001923.
Fratamico PM, Smith JL. Escherichia coli infections. In: Riemann, H.P and D. O Cliver. (Eds.), Food borne infections and intoxications. (3rd Edn), Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, Florida. 2006;205-208.
Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013; 26(4):822–80.
Azar DK, Sohella K, Ahmed FS, Ali A, Ahmad S. Prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in children with bloody diarrhea. Referring to Abuzar Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz. Iran Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10 (1):13-15.
8 Ferens WA, Hovde CJ. Escherichia coli O157:H7: animal reservoir and sources of human infection. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2011;8:465–487.
Elder RO, Keen JE, Siragusa GR, Barkocy-Gallagher GA, Koohmaraie M, Laegreid WW. Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000;97:2999-3003.
Omisakin F, MacRae M, I.D. Ogden ID, Strachan NJ. Concentration and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces at slaughter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003;69:2444-2447.
Lahti E, Ruoho O, Rantala L, Hanninen ML, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in a cattle finishing unit. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003;69:554-561.
Nfongeh JF, Rine RC, Ekpiken SE, Uchenwa MO. Longitudinal Survey on the Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Bovine Faeces and the Slaughtered Carcasses from major Abattoirs in Cross River State, Nigeria. FULafia Journal of Science and Technology. 2017;3(1):35-41.
Luga I, Akombo PM, Kwanga JK, Umoh VJ, Ajogi I. Seroprevalence of Faecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Exotic Diary Cattle in North Western Nigeria. Nigerian Veterinary Journal. 2007; 28(2):6 – 11.
LeJeune JT, Besser TE, Rice DH, Berg JL, Stilborn RP, Hancock D.D. Longitudinal study of faecal shedding of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in feedlot cattle: Predominance and cattle population turnover. Applied Environment Microbiology. 2004;70(1):377-384.
Mohammed K, Diea G, Abo E, El-Sayed A. Epidemiological studies on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Egyptian sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2015; 47(6):1161–1167.
Paiba GA, Gibbens JC, Pascoe JS, Wilesmith JW, Kidd SA, Byrne C et al. Faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli 0157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter in Great Britian. Veterinary Records. 2002;150:593-598.
Cornick NA, Helgerson AF, Sharma V. 2007. Shiga toxin and Shiga toxin-encoding phage do not facilitate Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in sheep. Applied Environ. Microbiol. 2007; 73:344-346.
Jacob ME, Foster DM, Rogers AT, Balcomb CC, Sanderson NW. Prevalence and Relatedness of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in the faeces and on the hides and carcasses of U.S Meat Goats at Slaughter. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2013;79(13):4154 – 4158.
Kudva IT, Hatfield PG, Hovade CJ. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in microbial flora of sheep. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1996;34:431-433.
Sima H, Ebrahim R, Hasan M. A 3 -year study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle, camel, sheep, goat, chicken and beef minced meat. International Conference on Food Engineering and Biology. 2011;9.
Yakubu RO, Lawan MK, Kwaga JKP, Kabir J. Isolation, Molecular detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli O157:H7in Household-reared Small ruminants in Zaria Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 17(4).
McCarthy SC, Burges CM, Fanning S, Duffy C. An overview of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli carriage and Prevalence in the ovine meat production chain. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 2021;18(3):147 – 168.
Joseph M, Bosilevac MA, Gassem IA, Alsheddy SA, Almaiman IS, Al-Mohizea AA, Mohammad K. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Camels, Cattle, Goats, and Sheep Harvested for Meat in Riyadh. Journal of Food Protection: 2015;78(1):89 - 96.
Dahiru M, Uraih N, Enabulele SA, Shamsudeen U. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh and Roasted Beef in Kano City, Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2008;1(1):39 – 42.
Milley DG, Sekia LH. An Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay- based isolation procedure for verotoxigenic E. coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1993;59(12):4223-4229.
Fujisawa T, Sata S, Aikawa K, Takahashi T, Yamai S, Shimada T. Modification of Sorbitol Mac Conkey medium containing cefixime and tellurite for isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from radish sprouts. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 2000;66:3117–3118.
Thompson JS, Hedge DS, Borczyk AA. Rapid Biochemical test to identify verocytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli 0157. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1990;28(2):2165-2168.
Newell DG, Ragione RM. Enterhaemorrhagic and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): where are we now regarding diagnostic and control strategies. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2018;65 Suppl. 1: 57
Akanbi BO, Mbah IP, Kerry PC. 2011. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on hides and faeces of ruminants at slaughter in two major abattoirs in Nigeria. Letters in Applied Microbiology; 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03113
Lara-Duran JA, Silva-Vega M, Banuelos-Valenzuela R, Delgadillo-Ruiz L, Delgadillo-Ruiz O. Incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces of lactating ruminants with diarrheal syndrome. Journal MVZ Cordoba. 2019; 24(3):7339 – 7345.
Chapman PA, Siddons CA, Cerdan-Malo AT, Harkin NMA. A 1-year study of Escherichia coli 0157 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Epidemiology and Infection. 1997;119:245-250.
Atlaw NA, Keelera S, Correa M, Foster D, Gebreyes W, Aidara-Kane A et al. Evidence of Sheep and Abattoir Environment as important reservoirs of multidrug resistant Salmonella and Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2022.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109516
Nfongeh JF, Owoseni MC, Adogo LY, Upla PU, Ekpiken SE. Assessment Of Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 Contamination in Soil And Water Sources Proximal To Abattoirs Within Cross River State, Nigeria. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology. 2018;4(8):88-93.
Stephens TP, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Perineal swabs reveal effect of super shedders on the transmission of E. coli 0157:H7 in commercial feedlots. Journal of Animal Science. 2009;87:4151-4160.
-
Abstract View: 70 times
PDF Download: 18 times
