Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Extracts of Detarium senegalense Bark and Root
Kazeem Toyosi Olatunji *
Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
Adamu Aliyu
Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu Industrial Area, P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
Yakubu Ya’aba
Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
Shehu Busu Mohammed
Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
Peters Oladosu
Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, P. M. B. 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Tuberculosis [TB] remains one of the major global health threats leading to morbidity and mortality. Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmelin belongs to a group of medicinal plants that are used by traditional medicine healers for the treatment of venereal diseases, urogenital infections, hemorrhoids, rheumatism, stomach-ache, intestinal worms, diarrhea, bronchitis, tuberculosis, convulsion, malaria and leprosy. The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-tuberculosis effect of different solvent extracts of Detarium senegalense bark and root against attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis [BCG]. The crude extracts [n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, methanol] of the plant parts were successively extracted and tested in vitro by broth microdilution technique against M. bovis. The result shows that the crude extracts inhibited the growth of M. bovis at concentrations ranging from 7.8 – 250 μg/mL. The ethyl-acetate extract of Detarium Senegalense bark was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of M. bovis with a minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 7.8 µg/mL while the ethyl-acetate and methanol extract of the plant’s root had MICs of 250 µg/mL. This study demonstrates the efficacy of extracts of Detarium senegalense bark and root as potential agents in the management of the tuberculosis disease.
Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis, anti-tuberculosis, Detarium senegalense, crude extracts, potential agents