Vulvovaginal Candidiasis at Institute Pasteur of Dakar, Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Babacar Ndiaye
*
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Khadim Diongue
Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, 30 Avenue Pasteur, BO 3001, Dakar, Senegal and Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, BO 3005, Dakar, Senegal.
Abdoulaye Seck
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal and Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, BO 3005, Dakar, Senegal.
Abdou Diop
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Mame Diarra Diouf
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Assane Dieng
Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, BO 3005, Dakar, Senegal and Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, 30 Avenue Pasteur, BO 3001, Dakar, Senegal.
Khadidiatou Mangou
Immuno-Pathophysiology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Lauriane Koko Marcel Koumondji
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Chantal Mahou
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Philippe Dubrous
Laboratory of Medical Biology, Pasteur Institute, Dakar, Senegal.
Cheikh Saad Bouh Boye
Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, BO 3005, Dakar, Senegal and Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, 30 Avenue Pasteur, BO 3001, Dakar, Senegal.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (CVV) is a superficial mycosis caused by Candida spp. with a predominance of C. albicans. CVV is opportunistic with several incriminated risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVV and to investigate potential risk factors.
A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medical Biology Laboratory in Pasteur Institute in Dakar, Senegal from September 1 to November 30, 2020. The study cohort was inclusive of all women received for a vaginal swab test in the laboratory unit. Each patient’s socio-demographic and clinical data were recorded before collecting two swabs samples for direct examination and culture on CHROMagar Candida incubated at 37 °C for 24 to 48 h.
A total of 312 women with an average age of 32 years (range: 17-74) were included in this study. An overall CVV prevalence of 32% was found. C. albicans was predominant (73.2%) followed by C. glabrata (16.8%). The age group [30-40 years] was more infested with 35.3% (p = 0.434) as well as nulliparous or primiparous women with 38.7% (p = 0.171). CVV was more associated with disordered vaginal flora and pregnancy with 35.2% (p = 0.323) and 33.7% (p = 0.715) respectively. CVV was significantly related to contraception (p = 0.014).
An overall high prevalence of CVV was observed mainly due to C. albicans. Contraception seems to be a factor contributing to its occurrence.
Keywords: Candidiasis, species, risk factors