Evaulation of Effective Antagonistic Yeasts in Kalasin Province, a Biocontrol Agent against the Fungal Colletotrichum capsici Caused Anthracnose Diseases in Chili Fruits
Punika Chaisemsaeng *
Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
Jatuporn Khamsong
Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
Suriya Sophakhayang
Department of Plant Science, Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
Phongpan Cherdjerm
Department of Plant Science, Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
Rapeepun Prajuntasan
Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
Panorjit Nitisuk
Department of Food Science Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Muang Kalasin, Kalasin 46000, Thailand.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Primary screening of epiphytic and endophytic yeasts, the majority yeast was found from rhizosphere soil (21 isolates, 31.81%), and 5 antagonistic yeasts can have inhibited the growth of mycelia of C. capsici up to 60%. Efficacy of five antagonistic yeasts were screened under plant nurseries conditions. The result found all isolates were tested and compared with control and chemical plots. The result of plant height showed that, yeast isolate KS34 had highest of plant height at 45.80 cm. For the result of branch per plant of chili plant found isolate KS37 showed highest of branch per plant at 16.60 branches and the flower of chili per plant presented that isolate KS37 had highest of flower at 18.60 flowers. The result of anthracnose disease control by antagonistic yeasts in disease incidence and category mean as plant resistance. These results found that, Isolates KS46 had a great disease incidence at 7.80% that mean this isolate prove chili plant to resistance to C. capsisci. Addition, isolate KS46 had highest of activity of chitinase enzyme at 170.72 U/ml. Isolate KS46 identified by D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The sequence analysis showed maximum identity of 100% with Candida haemulonii. This assumed C. haemulonii was showed the best to control C. capsici. For confirmed this result, all isolates were determined the mode of action by studied in relationship between antagonist isolates. The action of yeast isolate could competition the nutrient with mycelia of pathogen. This mode effect to C. capsici loss nutrient caused the pathogen get stuck to braked and died later.
Keywords: Antagonistic yeasts, biocontrol, chili fruits, anthracnose disease, Colletotrichum capsica, Candida haemulonii